Wall decorations made from small pieces of marble set in mortar were commonly seen in roman art. what is this type of artwork called?

This type of decoration is often called a mosaic. The definition of a mosaic is a picture or pattern produced by arranging together small colored pieces of hard material, such as stone, tile, or glass. Judging from your question, the correct answer would be A MOSAIC.

The king of france loved the italian renaissance so much that he all of the above

During the old kingdom (c 2686-c 2160 bce)