1. Starr and Waterman mention that the term groove "evokes the channeled flow of 'swinging' or 'funky' or 'phat' rhythms." Can you find a song with a groove that could be described by one these terms? Can you think of other
adjectives that could describe the groove of a song?

Starr and Waterman mention that a listener can recognize a distinctive vocal timbre by the “grain” of a singer’s voice. Artists listed in the text include Louis Armstrong, Frank Sinatra, Johnny Cash, Aretha Franklin, Neil Diamond, Bruce Springsteen, Bonnie Raitt, Dr. Dre, and Bono. What adjectives might you use to describe the timbre of these artists’ voices? You may wish to consider such terms as rough, smooth, gravelly, smoky, silky, coarse, bright, nasal, or brassy.

1492

columbus changes the shape of the world

ferdinand and isabella unite and create catholic spain

jews and moslems driven out of spain

lorenzo de medici dies

no one buying art and supporting city like before, his brother had been assassinated slightly before

florence to rome renaissance shift

east to west transition of church administration to the vatican