George wants his son to stop pulling the dog’s tail so george spanks his son every time his son pulls the dog’s tail. what kind of operant conditioning is george using?

George is using positive punishment.

Operant Conditioning represents a learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reward or punishment. The most significant researcher in area of Operant Conditioning was B.F. Skinner. Skinner stated in his research that the learning process can be modified by reinforcement (reward) and punishment. In this case, George is using punishment to modify the behavior of his son. This kind of punishment is called positive punishment as George is spanking his son and directly punishing him. Negative punishment would be If George took something that pleases his son.

for many centuries, the catholic church has been a patron of the arts. the church has used various scientific methods to maintain its power.

not 100% sure though!