In an ironic twist of fate, when the spanish conquerors arrived in the aztec empire in 1519, the aztecs believed cortez and his army were

I believe the correct answer is gods.

When Cortés first arrived with his army to Tenochtitlan, the capital of Aztec empire, Motecuhzoma II Xocoyotzi, the ninth ruler, believed Cortés to be the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl, whom they credited with the creation of humans among other notable feats, was set to return to Earth.

that is true. stravinsky's rite of spring ballet is a prime example of with its focus on prehistoric culture, costumes, and dancing.

i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.

i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)

a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."

let me know if this !