Rainforest destruction, biodiversity, topsoil conservation, water quality, water quantity, and global climate are all associated with

substitution is the answer in this case

correct answer is a. and d.

the circled areas are referred to   as sunspots.   the sunspots are cooler than the   surrounding area.

sunspots are temporary phenomena on the photosphere of the sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. they correspond to concentrations of magnetic field flux that inhibit convection and result in reduced surface temperature compared to the surrounding photosphere.