During the replication process, polymerase proofread the dna molecule so that few mistakes or occur.

With the description of the different cell walls, membranes, and associated proteins set in the students' minds, you now need to introduce them to the idea that the cell wall can also act as a foundation to build things upon. bacterial appendages require a strong foundation that will offer the support needed to move and function in a dynamic world. for example, flagella are long, whiplike protein structures that are used by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for locomotion. in order to function effectively, a flagellum must be firmly anchored to the cell wall. how will you be able to get across the idea that the peptidoglycan cell wall is strong enough to support such a mechanism? with a protein rod that passes through the cell wall and protein rings used to anchor it in the membranes, these basal bodies are the rudimentary biological motors that use atp power to spin the hook and the flagella attached to it. bacterial flagella have a biological motor that spins within the cell wall and is powered by atp. this allows the flagella to spin in a whiplike motion to propel the bacterium.

Color blindedness is a sex-linked trait. if we could see the pedigree chart for several more generations of the family illustrated here, we would expect a) more males to be color blind. eliminate b) more females to be color blind. c) no females to ever be color blind. d) an equal number of males and females that are color blind.

What is genetic variation? -(a) each individual in a population has slightly different genes. -(b) some individuals in a population have more genes than others. -(c) each population of a species has slightly different genes. -(d)some populations of a species have more genes than others.