The answers are as follows:
FIVE MEDICAL TERMS RELATED TO DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1. ACHALASIA: This is a rare medical condition in which the muscles of the lower part of the esophagus are unable to relax, thus preventing food from passing into the stomach. The cause of the condition is unknown. The condition usually result in difficulty in swallowing food, chest pain and food regurgitation. Treatment for the condition include: medication, surgery and direct administration of muscle relaxing pharmaceuticals to the esophagus.
2. CHOLECYSTITIS: This refers to the inflammation of the gall bladder. The condition is usually caused by gallstones, which build up to obstruct the bile ducts, thus leading to inflammation. Women have an higher risk of developing the condition more than men and the risk of having the disease increases with age in both genders. Symptoms of the condition include the following: prolonged abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, yellowing of the skin and eyes and abdominal bloating. Treatment is usually by surgery and it involves the removal of the gall bladder.
3. CELIAC DISEASE: This is a genetic, autoimmune disorder in which the small intestine is hypersensitive to gluten leading to difficulty in food digestion. Eating of gluten in food by affected individuals leads to damages in their small intestines and this prevent absorption of nutrients by villi. Gluten is a protein that is found in wheat, rye and barley. The disease can develop at any age and if left untreated it can lead to other severe diseases such as diabetes, anemia, multiple sclerosis, etc. The only effective treatment is for the affected individuals to stay away from gluten-containing foods.
4. LIVER CIRRHOSIS: This is a liver disease in which the liver is permanently scared. The scarring occur as a result of damages to the liver.
The major causes of liver cirrhosis are alcohol abuse, hepatitis and fat accumulation in the liver. The scarring are usually irreversible but if the condition is detected early it can be treated in order to limit further damage. The symptoms associated with the condition include the following: fatigue, nausea, weight loss, confusion, lack of appetite, itch skin, etc.
5. PANCREATITIS: This is a disease condition in which the pancreas is inflamed.The condition usually arise as a result of the activation of the digestive enzymes secreted by pancreas before their secretion into the small intestines. This can be caused by alcohol consumption, smoking, gallstones, certain medications, etc. The major symptom of the disease is abdominal pain. Complications of the disease include: diabetes, pancreatic cancer, infection, etc. Treatment usually depend on the underlying cause of the disease.
URINARY INFECTION CONDITIONS
1. DYSURIA: This refers to difficulty in urination. It is usually caused by urinary tract infection and it is more common in women than men. Symptoms of the disease include: bloody or cloudy urine, fever, difficulty in urinating, increased urinary urge, etc. The disease is usually treated with appropriate antibiotics.
2. POLYURIA: This is a medical condition in which the affected individual produces an unusual large amount of diluted urine per time. The most common cause of this condition is uncontrolled diabetes. Effective treatment of the condition is usually achieved by treating the underlying disease condition.
3. UREMIA: This is a medical condition in which urea build up in the blood. The condition usually occur when the kidneys become damaged; thus, the urea that is meant to be disposed by the kidney end up in the blood. The condition can be life threatening if left untreated. The symptoms of the disease include: extreme fatigue, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, legs cramping, etc. The available treatment option include dialysis and kidney transplant.
4. URINARY RETENTION: This is a medical condition in which the affected individuals fail to completely empty their bladder of urine. The condition can be acute or chronic. Individuals with acute urinary retention will not be able to urinate at all despite having full bladders while those with chronic condition will not be able to empty their bladder completely. The condition is usually a life threatening one that requires emergency medical attention. The major causes of the disease include: blocked urethra, certain medications, nerve problems and weakened bladder muscles. Available treatment options include: bladder drainage, urethra dilation, prostrate medications and surgery.
5. HYDRONEPHROSIS: This refers to the inflammation of the kidney as a result of build up of urine. The major causes of the condition include: kidney stone, blood clot, bladder cancer, uterine prolapse, etc. The symptoms associated with the condition include: painful urination, fever, incomplete voiding, nausea, vomiting, etc. The condition can be corrected either with surgery or by inserting tubes to drain out the urine.
