Jeff, 48 years old, presents to the clinic complaining of fleeting chest pain, fatigue, palpitations, lightheadedness, and shortness of breath. the pain comes and goes and is not associated with activity or exertion. food does not exacerbate or relieve the pain. the pain is usually located under the left nipple. jeff is concerned because his father has cardiac disease and underwent a cabg at age 65. the anp examines jeff and hears a mid-systolic click at the 4th ics mid-clavicular area. the anp knows that this is a hallmark sign of:

The correct answer is mitral valve prolapse.

The condition takes place when the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse (bulge) into the left upper chamber, that is, left atrium of the heart, like a parachute at the time of contraction of the heart.

The symptoms of the condition are dizziness or light-headedness, irregular heartbeat, shortness of breath, chest pain that is not due to any coronary heart disease or heart attack, and fatigue.

The signs of mitral valve prolapse include a crisp mid-systolic click, succeeded by a late systolic mumble if regurgitation is existing.