Compare and contrast the water conducting cells in gymnosperm and angiosperm xylem.

The xylem tracheary elements comprises cells called tracheids and vessel members, both of which are usually hollow, normal, and elongated. The tracheids are less unique in comparison to the vessel members and are the only kind of water-conducting cells in the majority of gymnosperms and seedless vascular plants.

The vessel elements found n angiosperms are better and wider at conducting water in comparison to the tracheids of gymnosperms. Unlike xylem, the cells, which forms the phloem are living at maturity and can conduct substances both up and down the body of plant.

the form of energy changes and the total energy increases0l

answer:

the water molecules are transferred from the roots to the stem or top parts of the tall tree because of important properties of water which are adhesion, cohesion and capillary action. cohesion is the property of water molecules keeps water molecules in a combined state by sharing of bonds between them at the atomic level. adhesion allows the interaction of water molecules with other substances or substrate. adhesion will cause the attachment of water molecules to the wall of the vessel (xylem) of the plant. capillary action occurs when the adhesive force to the vessel wall is stronger than the cohesive force between water molecules. capillary action mimics the transfer of water from a tube or pipe. in this way water utilizes its property to transfer water from down to top level of the plant.