The wild-type color of horned beetles is black, although other colors are known. a black horned beetle from a pure-breeding strain is crossed to a pure-breeding green female beetle. all of their f1 progeny are black. these f1 are allowed to mate at random with one another, and 320 f2 beetles are produced. the f2 consists of 181 black, 120 green, and 19 brown. use these data to explain the genetics of horned beetle color.

not too sure but maybe in the hot springs.

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.

to figure the total magnification of an image that you are viewing through the microscope is really quite simple. to get the total magnification take the power of the objective (4x, 10x, 40x) and multiply by the power of the eyepiece, (usually 10x)