Im i'm not sure how to identify the charge of the water surrounding the positive sodium ion

Which statement describes a way in which the digestive and excretory systems work together? a. the nephrons absorb nutrients from food going to the large intestine. b. the excretory system balances blood gases in the small intestine. c. the intestinal villi filter blood and send wastes to the bladder. d. the excretory system balances the salts and water obtained from digested food

What happens when water’s salinity increases? mass decreases. freezing point decreases. buoyancy of objects decreases. the amount of dissolved minerals decreases.

This is an active transport mechanism by which cells pump sodium and potassium ions against the concentration gradient