What is the term for unlearned, unorganized, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli?

The correct answer is reflexes.  

A reflex action, or reflex, refers to an involuntary and almost immediate motion in reaction to a stimulus. A reflex is made conceivable by neural pathways known as reflex arcs that can function on an impulse prior of the impulse reaching the brain. The reflex is thus an automatic reaction towards a stimulus, which does not need or receive cognizant thought.  

answer: b: experiments that showed that all cells are similar in how they metabolize and in their composition

explanation:

above statement is not a true statement about the open ocean because the open ocean has low levels of nutrients. most of the photosynthetic activity on earth occurs in the open ocean within the photic zone. organisms in the deep ocean are exposed to frigid temperatures and total darkness but it does not begin at the low-tide mark.