Chemist runs a thin–layer chromatography (tlc) plate and, after development, notices that all of the spots are at the upper region of the tlc plate and are very close together. select the most likely cause of this result.

Answer;

An ineffective developing solvent was used.

Explanation;

-Quick elution and poor separation are indicative of the compounds traveling quickly up the plate and not interacting sufficiently with the stationary phase.

-Chromatography works on the principle that different compounds will have different solubility and adsorption to the two phases between which they are to be partitioned. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a solid-liquid technique in which the two phases are a solid (stationary phase) and a liquid (moving phase).

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.

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