Vascular resistance is the friction between veins and arteries and blood. in essence, it is a measure of the flow of blood. which is not a factor that directly affects vascular resistance? a) blood viscosity b) blood vessel length c) blood vessel lumen size d) blood levels of estradiol and testosterone

D) blood levels of estradiol and testosterone

Vascular resistance is a natural phenomena in which the flow of blood in the blood vessel of human is restricted by the presence of the blood clot, deposition of fat or cholesterol in the blood vessel, increase in the viscosity of the blood, decrease in the length of the blood vessel and change in the size of the lumen or diameter of the blood vessel. This is also called as vasoconstriction.

The estradiol and testosterone are two sex hormones found in females and males respectively. The levels of these hormones in the blood is not responsible for the vascular resistance.

what following? you said which of the following. but there is no be more specific.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.