Which of the following is true about eukaryotes but not prokaryotes a. they must contain a nucleus b. they do not have membrane bound organelles c. they are always single celled' d. they must be multicellular

The right option is; a. they must contain a nucleus  

Eukaryotes contain a nucleus while prokaryotes do not.

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cell contain a true nucleus and other membranous organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and rod shaped ribosomes that carryout out different functions in the cell.  Examples include plants and animals cells.

Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelles.  Examples include bacteria and archae.

The genetic material or the DNA in eukaryotes is present within the nucleus whereas, the prokaryotes are devoid of a nucleus. The prokaryotes do contain the DNA but it is confined in a region called nucleoid.

Further Explanation:

The prokaryotes are unicellular organisms in general which are devoid of organelles surrounded by a membrane. In rare cases, prokaryotes show multicellularity and aggregate together to divide labor and work efficiently. For example, cyanobacteria. They also lack a nucleus and therefore, the genetic material or DNA is found floating in the cytoplasm of the cell in a closed-loop structure. The region containing the DNA is called nucleoid. The nucleoid is not surrounded by a membrane. It also contains proteins, RNA, and enzymes for the functioning of the cellular processes.

In contrast, the eukaryotes can be multicellular as well as unicellular. The unicellular eukaryotes are algae, protozoa, and phytoplankton whereas, the multicellular eukaryotes are animals, brown algae, green algae, and fungi. They have various organelles enclosed by a membrane. The organelles present in the cytoplasm of the cell are mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus, and Golgi apparatus. The major part of DNA is present in the nucleus which is surrounded by a nuclear membrane whereas; mitochondria and chloroplast also contain some of the genetic material in the case of animals and plants respectively.

The nucleus contains pores for the entry and exit of the materials. The tube-like extension emerges from the nucleus to form endoplasmic reticulum which is involved in protein synthesis and transport.  The mitochondria produce ATP from sugars to provide energy to the eukaryotic cell.

Learn more:

1. Learn more about difference in DNA and RNA

2. Learn more about similarity between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

3. Learn more about site of protein synthesis

Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Cell: The Unit of Life

Keywords:

Eukaryotes, prokaryotes, DNA, genetic material, membrane-bound organelles, nucleus, nucleoid, nuclear membrane, mitochondria, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, multicellular, unicellular.

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