11. (02.03 mc) which of the following correctly compares the structures of plant and animal cells? (2 points)
a. both plant and animal cells have a large central vacuole where enzymes, nutrients, and waste are stored.
b. both plant and animal cells have ribosomes which synthesize proteins for the cell.
c. both plant and animal cells have a nucleus where cellular respiration takes place.
d. both plant and animal cells have cell walls which transport substances into and out of the cell.

12. (02.03 hc) studies have shown that some medications can damage mitochondria. which of the following would you predict to be the most likely long-term effect on an organism with damaged mitochondria? (2 points)
a. proteins would not be modified after being synthesized, and the organism would be unable to grow.
b. the organism would suffer as its cells would be less able to provide the energy needed to carry out life functions.
c. substances would not be able to enter or leave the cells of the organism, and affected cells would eventually burst.
d. errors would be made during dna replication, and the organism would be more likely to develop cancer.

13. (02.03 mc) when plants wilt, their soft stems and leaves begin to droop. what is going on inside the plants' cells that causes plants to droop like this? (2 points)
a. the cell membranes begin to come apart when there is insufficient water around the cells.
b. the cytoplasm of the cells becomes more concentrated, which slowly poisons the cells.
c. the cell walls become brittle as they dry out, and some of them collapse.
d. the central vacuoles in the cells lose water and can no longer support the cells.

14. (02.03 mc) all eukaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton, including plant cells, which have cell walls as well. what does the cytoskeleton in a plant cell do that the cell wall cannot? (2 points)
a. it acts as a framework inside the endoplasmic reticulum and keeps it from collapsing.
b. it keep the organelles in place and directs their movement as needed.
c. it provides energy and to move molecules throughout the cell.
d. it keeps the dna safely enclosed in the nucleus and holds the nucleus together.

15.(02.04 mc) cellular respiration is a series of complicated reactions. some of the enzymes that are necessary for the reactions to take place effectively are not produced by the body and must be eaten in a person's diet. which answer correctly explains what happens when a person's diet lacks the necessary enzymes for cellular respiration? (2 points)
a. the production of atp will increase as the enzyme decreases.
b. the cellular respiration reactions will use another available enzyme.
c. the cellular respiration reaction rate that uses the missing enzyme will increase. d. the cell's energy level will diminish as the enzyme decreases.

16. (02.04 mc) while the average human is able to hold his or her breath for approximately one minute, a whale can dive for over 30 minutes without returning to the surface. which of the following correctly describes this difference? (2 points) a. whales need less energy than humans.
b. whales gather energy from their environment better than humans.
c. whales are able to conserve oxygen better than humans.
d. whales have cells that produce energy differently than humans.

17. (02.05 lc) the mitochondrion is host to which portion of cellular respiration? (2 points)
a. glycolysis
b. alcoholic fermentation
c. lactic acid fermentation
d. the krebs cycle

18. (02.05 mc) which answer correctly compares the krebs cycle and the electron transport chain? (2 points)
a. both are aerobic and focus on breaking down organic molecules.
b. both occur in the mitochondria and result in producing more atp.
c. both are anaerobic and occur inside the mitochondria.
d. both occur in the cytoplasm and result in producing more atp.

19. (02.06 lc) what ultimately happens to the light energy captured during photosynthesis? (2 points)
a. it is used to produce glucose molecules.
b. it is turned into more chlorophyll for the plant.
c. it is used to release the energy from h2o.
d. it is put into atp molecules for long-term storage.

20. (02.06 mc) if the concentration of hydrogen ions (h+) outside of the thylakoids were equal to the concentration of h+ inside the thylakoids, how would it affect the chloroplasts? (2 points)
a. the chloroplasts would release excess o2.
b. the chloroplasts would be unable to generate atp.
c. the chloroplasts would make more glucose molecules.
d. the chloroplasts would make more nadph than usual.