This naturally occurring wetlands forms when rain fill small depressions in prairie

Perhaps the best known unconfined aquifer is the Ogallala. In many places this aquifer is near the surface and recharge depends on water that collects at the surface in wetlands. ... A playa lake is a naturally occurring wetland (averaging about 17 acres) formed when rain fills small depressions in the prairie. (https://texasaquaticscience.org/aquifers-springs-aquatic-science-texas/)

Hope this helps

characterization of nanoparticles is a critical step in nanomaterial production as it provides information of dimension, morphology, surface charge, distribution and degree of surface functionalization.

the transfer for conduction is the heat transfering from the liquid to the spoon

the transfer for convection is the heat rising from the liquid to the air

the transfer for radiation is the heat going through the sides of the cup and to the air

at least that is what i would do