The perihelion is the point at which earth is closest to the sun, and the aphelion is the point at which earth is farthest away. based on this information, which statement is true? a. earth moves faster along its orbit during perihelion because of the sun's gravitational force. b. perihelion marks the beginning of summer, when earth is closest to the sun. c. the longest day of the year occurs during perihelion due to a lunar eclipse. d. the moon rotates faster during perihelion because of earth's gravitational force.

Perihelion marks the begging of summer when the earth is closest to the sun.

The correct answer is option B which is when Earth is on perihelion, it is the beginning of summer.

Explanation:Perihelion and aphelion are Greek words. In Greek hellion means the sun and peri means close while ephe means far.So t perihelion which is normally two weeks after December it shows the starting of summers.Some areas of earth begin to come in front of sun due to which the temperature of these areas start rising.

Mantle convection  is the slow  creepingmotion of earth's solid silicate  mantle  caused by  convection  currents carrying  heat from the interior  to the planet's surface.[1][2]  the earth's surface  lithosphere, which rides atop the  asthenosphere  (the two components of the  upper mantle), is divided into a number of  plates  that are continuously being created and consumed at their opposite  plate boundaries. accretion occurs as mantle is added to the growing edges of a plate, associated with  seafloor spreading. this hot added material cools down by  conduction  and  convection  of heat. at the consumption edges of the plate, the material has thermally contracted to become dense, and it sinks under its own weight in the process of  subduction  usually at an  ocean trench.[3]this subducted material sinks through the earth's interior. some subducted material appears to reach the lower mantle,[4]  while in other regions, this material is impeded from sinking further, possibly due to a phase transition from  spinel  to  silicate perovskiteand  magnesiowustite, an  endothermic reaction.[5]the subducted oceanic crust triggers  volcanism, although the basic mechanisms are varied. volcanism may occur due to processes that add buoyancy to partially melted mantle causing an upward flow due to a decrease in density of the partial melt.secondary forms of convection that may result in surface volcanism are postulated to occur as a consequence of intraplate extension[6]  and  mantle plumes.[7]it is because the mantle can convect that the  tectonic plates  are able to move around the earth's surface.[8]mantle convection seems to have been much more active during the  hadean  period, resulting in gravitational sorting of heavier molten  iron, and  nickel  elements and  sulphides  in the core, and lighter  silicate minerals  in the  mantle.