The resting membrane potential depends on two factors that influence the magnitude and direction of na+ and k+ diffusion across the plasma membrane. identify these two factors. a. the presence of a resting membrane potential and leak channels b. the presence of concentration gradients and na+-k+ pumps c. the presence of concentration gradients and voltage-gated channels d. the presence of concentration gradients and leak channels

The correct answer is option d, that is, the presence of concentration gradients and leak channels.  

A non-signaling or resting neuron exhibits a voltage across its membrane known as the resting membrane potential, or basically the resting potential. It is determined by the concentration of ions across the membrane and by the permeability of membrane towards each kind of ion.  

The resting membrane potential relies on two factors, that is, the presence of concentration gradients and leak channels, which affect the direction and magnitude of sodium and potassium ions diffusion across the plasma membrane.  

A large number of K+ leak channels and the concentration gradient permits for rather more robust K+ ions diffusion out of a cell. In comparison, the few leaky Na+ leak channels and the concentration gradient permits for much less diffusion of Na+ ions into a cell.  

when the displaced particles are perpendicular to the direction the wave travels, is called a transverse wave, whereas in longitudinal wave the displace practices are parallel to the direction of the wave.

in the given image:

first image shows - longitudinal wave

second image shows - transverse wave

third image shows - longitudinal wave

fourth image shows - longitudinal wave