By what mechanism do caffeine and alcohol have a diuretic effect on the body

Kelly ran electricity though a sample of water using electrolysis. the water changed into two gases, x and y. it was not possible to break down the gases x and y into simpler particles.

In iceland, the mid atlantic ridge runs through the center of the contry. what can you conclude about the apperence of iceland many thousands of years from now?

Is there any species that went extinct in recent years due to natural causes (not caused by human interaction). if so, what caused it?