How does exocytosis differ from the pumping of calcium ions against a concentration gradient? a. exocytosis requires an expenditure of energy by the cell b. exocytosis is a form of passive transport c. exocytosis does not involve a transport protein d. exocytosis occurs with he concentration gradient

The correct answer is option B- exocytosis does not involve a transport protein

Exocytosis is a process of transporting material outside the cell enclosed in vesicles through an energy dependent process. Exocytosis is ana ctive transport method and does not include any transport protein.

whereas calcium ions pass through the membrane with the help of trans- membrane protein. These proteins make pores inside hydrophobic membrane and allow the ions to pass though it.

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primary succession begins with a bare rock and ends with a forest secondary succession begins after a natural disaster where there is a temporary setback after a forest fire or local destruction, but the surrounding area can fill in