Achemical is a representation of a compound that gives the number of atoms and types of atoms in that compound.

It allows water to resist freezing and thawing cycle.

Ibelieve the answer is relative humidity  because it makes more sense that way. solar flares usually occur in space it doesn't affect the earth, well it could but it wont make a significant damage.  latitude is land it doesnt do anything. prevailing winds, i dont know the correct meaning for this but i doubt that affects the land so it has to be relative humidity.

Ibelieve its cultural universal