Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation?
a) electrons are passed through a series of carriers to an organic compound.
b) a proton gradient allows hydrogen ions to flow back into the cells through transmembrane protein channels, releasing energy that is used to generate atp.
c) atp is directly transferred from a substrate to adp.
d) electrons are passed through a series of carriers to o2.

What best explains whether bromine (br) or neon (ne) is more likely to form a covalent bond? bromine forms covalent bonds because it has seven valence electrons, but neon has eight valence electrons and already fulfills the octet rule. bromine forms covalent bonds because it has many electron shells, but neon has only two electron shells and is tightly bound to its electrons. neon forms covalent bonds because it can share its valence electrons, but bromine has seven valence electrons and can gain only one more electron. neon forms covalent bonds because it has only two electron shells, but bromine has many electron shells and will lose electrons in order to fulfill the octet rule.