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an atom that gains or loses an electron becomes a(n)

They become ions.

After they lose or gain an electron, they lose or gain a negative charge as well.

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d. sodium chloride ions.

blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart. as the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs where it is oxygenated.