Agroup of birds have a similar body shape and size. however, they vary greatly in color and beak shape. each species occupies its own niche and is adapted to the foods available in its niche. the evolution from a common ancestor to a variety of species is an example

geological isolation,  if the birds that develop mutations do not have any competition they can survive.

the answer is; comparing the frequency of collisions with and without the device

this makes the anti-collision system an independent variable and the collisions a dependent variable. if there are fewer collisions with an anti-collision system that without, then it can be stated that the system is a success. essentially, collisions under an anti-collision system are compared with the frequency of collisions by cars with the human drivers.