In which direction does water move across the membrane up or down

Weights of golden retriever dogs are normally distributed. samples of weights of golden retriever dogs, each of size nequals15, are randomly collected and the sample means are found. is it correct to conclude that the sample means cannot be treated as being from a normal distribution because the sample size is too small? explain.

I’m doing some practice exam questions for biology, and i’m not sure how to do these 3 parts to the question.

Membrane vesicles containing an internal sodium chloride (nacl) concentration of 0.14 m are placed into separate beakers each containing a different solution. the first beaker contains 0.14 m sucrose, while the second beaker contains 0.14 m calcium chloride (cacl2). the temperature is 25°c. what is the solute potential inside the vesicles, expressed in units of mpa?