The light independent reactions are also known as blank and blank

lysosome is this part of the cell is surrounded by a very thick outer membrane to protect the rest of the cell from its strong enzymes.

the three components of a nucleotide are the nitrogenous base, the phosphate group and the five-carbon sugar.

i won't lie i don't know so go online and ask google thats what i do

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.