You have come across a dog, named cindy, that does not have a tail. interestingly, about half of all the puppies produced by this dog don't have a tail either. if the lack of tail is caused by a genetic mutation, what kind on mutation is this and where has this mutation most likely taken place?

a. a dominant mutation, in cindy's gametes.

b. a recessive mutation, in the cells that should normally have given rise to cindy's tail.

c. a recessive mutation, in the cells that should normally have given rise to cindy's and her puppies' tails.

d. a dominant mutation, in all of cindy's cells (including her gametes).

e. a dominant mutation, in a gamete of one of cindy's parents.