1. which of the following ideas did charles lyell subscribe to?

a
human populations grow faster than their resources.

b
earth must be far older than most people believed.

c
he developed the idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics.

d
traits an organism develops during its own lifetime can be passed onto its offspring.

2. a small group of deer is forced to leave the herd in search of a new habitat with more food. if the allele frequencies of the small group is identical to that of the large population, which of the following statements apply?

a
genetic drift has not occurred.

b
the bottleneck effect has happened.

c
the two groups will become different species.

d
the genetic variation of each group will be altered.

3. which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?

1points
a
the forelimb of a whale

b
the wings of an eagle

c
the pelvic bone of a whale

d
the tailbone of a monkey

4. who would be the most likely to purposely discover dinosaur bones?

1points
a
biologists

b
evolutionists

c
orthopedists

d
paleontologists

5. which is the best description of genetic drift?

1points
a
genetic drift can occur due to the bottleneck effect, when a few individuals start a new population.

b
genetic drift can occur due to the bottleneck effect, which may happen after a forest fire.

c
genetic drift can occur due to the founder effect, which may happen after a forest fire.

d
genetic drift is the non-random change in allele frequencies that occurs in a small population.

desert perennials often survive by remaining dormant during dry periods of the year, then springing to life when water becomes available. most annual desert plants germinate only after heavy seasonal rain, then complete their reproductive cycle very quickly.

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.

1. is geographic distribution

2 is increasing complexity

3 is transitional forms

c is the answer. hope this