All of the following are generally used in vaccines except

a. antibodies.
b. parts of bacterial cells.
c. live, attenuated bacteria.
d. toxoids.
e. inactivated viruses.

All the following are usually used in vaccines except ANTIBODIES.

Vaccine refers to a substance that is used to stimulate the production of antibodies in living organisms. Causative agents of diseases are the raw materials that are normally used to manufacture vaccines. Vaccines provide immunity against different kind of diseases. Production of vaccines involves many stages; virus vaccines are usually generated from primary or continuous cell lines while for bacteria vaccines the bacteria are usually grown in bioreactors. Different types of materials are used in vaccine production, these include: inactivated viruses, toxoids, parts of bacterial cells, attenuated bacteria (Live), etc.

i'm guessing this is from edg enuity so the answers would be, from top to bottom,

theodor schwann

matthias schleiden

robert hooke

rudolph virchow

anton van leeuwenhoek

evidence and logical support is essential for a scientist to do in order to maintain credibility. this is because no one can believe without any logic and without any evidence.hence a scientist can maintain credibility by proving himself and by answering logically so experiments prove very beneficial. logical hypothesis give conclusion which is acceptable. therefore, there are two main factors to maintain credibility by a scientist is evidence and logical support.