many events that occur on earth and in the solar system are related to the fact that most objects in the solar system move in regular and predictable patterns. what causes objects in the solar system to move in these regular and predictable patterns? a. frictional forces b. gravitational forces c. electrical forces d. nuclear forces

they each offer a fresh glut of resources to the organisms that can arrive and exploit them. as individuals and new species continue to appear, they actively and passively alter the environment. competition for shared resources increases, local abiotic and biotic conditions shift, and the relative abundances of species change accordingly. the process is called ecological succession, and it is one of the earliest and most well-known concepts in ecology.

idk what the options are but

these is a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome this attraction

this is why the boiling points are so high

multiple allele inheritance is traits controlled by more than 2 alleles (ex: pigeons having 3 alleles of one gene govern their feather color).   so the answer is a.