Impacts of mutations on proteins (pls )

1. what is a mutagen? what is a mutation?

2. when the mutation caused the addition of one base into the dna sequence, there was one base (a g) left over at the end. does this one base code for an amino acid? why or why not?

3. compare a normal dna sequence to the mutated dna sequence. is the entire sequence of dna different? explain

4. compare a normal protein to a mutated protein. is the entire protein different? explain.

5. predict how this small change could impact the function of the protein with the mutation compared to the protein without?

1. A mutation is an alteration of a base of DNA or a section of DNA. A mutagen is something that may cause a mutation.

2.The single base does NOT code for an amino acid. Every 3 vases codes for an amino acid.

3-5. It depends on the sequence you have. If a base was switched with a different base, then the sequence may not really change and it may still code for the same amino acid. If a base was inserted of deleted, this would change the entire sequence and change the amino acids it codes for, therefore changing the protein being created.

you are certainly talking about this picture:

a: is the label of the white square, it is showing the  replication fork, formed by helicase (d) ==> so it is the site of dna separation and replication 

b: is a new dna brand that is following directly the replication fork, so it is continuous ==> built continuously from 5' to 3

c: dna polymerase cannot replicate dna on its own, it needs the of their proteins, and one of them plays the role of a clamp which fixes  the dna with the dna template and increases  the processivity of the enzyme. ==>   stops polymerase from falling off the  template.

d: is the enzyme responsible for forming the replication fork (helicase) ==> unwinds and separates dna into two strands

e: is the delayed strand, it is built  in the opposite sense of the helicase, so dna will be built in fragments ==> built  fragments from 5' to 3 joins

and finally f: is the enzyme that builds  the new dna strand (dna polymerase) ==>   adds nucleotides to make a new dna helix.

credit: gradman555p98x9p

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