(11) which of the following will most likely lead to succession from a pond to a terrestrial ecosystem
a) a decrease in biodiversity
b) a decrease in the number of producers in the pond
c) removal of decomposers
d) an increases in sediment, decaying leaves, and tree branches in the pond

(12) why do some vegetarians argue that humans should directly eat producers instead of eating consumers that ate producers?
a) primary consumers are the least numerous in an ecosystem
b) producers are considered to be the climax community
c) most of the available energy is lost at each trophic level

(13) all of the following describe biotic factors expect
a) decomposers
b) saprobes
c) predators
d) nitrogen

(14) a type of bird known as a cattle egret follows livestock around in fields. as the livestock graze, they stir up insects that the cattle egret can then eat. the livestock is unaffected by the cattle egret. this relationship illustrates
a) commensalism
b) mutualism
c) carrying capacity
d) parasitism

(15) how do humans interfere with the carbon cycle?
a) humans perform cellular respiration, which utilize carbon dioxide and releases oxygen
b) humans burn fossil fuels, which release carbon dioxide into the environment
c) humans clear land and remove producers, which decreases oxygen and increases carbon dioxide levels
d) both b & c