Lanes of young stars gas and dust that wind outward from the central region of spiral galaxies can be identified as

Spiral arm

Explanation:

Spiral galaxies are huge collections of billions of stars, most of which are flattened into a disk shape, with a spherical, glowing star bulge at its center. Inside the disc, there are typically shiny arms where younger, shinier stars, gas and dust are found. These arms move away from the center in a spiral pattern, giving the galaxies this name. Spiral galaxies look a bit like holes, or like water running down a drain. They are some of the most beautiful objects in the sky.

4.) metal

"-the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back to the environment

-carbon is the essential component of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates (which make up all organisms)

-carbon exists in air, water, and living organisms

-producers convert carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into carbohydrates during photosynthesis

-bacteria in the atmosphere cycles through the system in filtration units

-in cellular respiration, carbon is released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide

-some carbon is stored in limestone (forming one of the largest "carbon sinks" on earth)

-largest carbon reservoir on earth= limestone

-carbon stored in the bodies of organisms as fat, oils, or other molecules may be released into the soil or air when the organism dies

-this may form deposits of coal, oil, or natural gas (fossil fuels, which increased the atmospheric carbon dioxide)

-fossil fuels store carbon left over from bodies of organisms that died millions of years ago

-they are located in the surface of earth, deep within the earth and beneath the ocean floor."    

this age may represent the age of the earth's accretion, of core formation, or of the material from which the earth formed. this dating is based on evidence from radiometric age-dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the radiometric ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples.