Amutation in a promoter sequence most directly affects the binding of what to dna

RNA polymerase

Explanation:

The RNA polymerase is an enzyme used in the transcription of genes in DNA to make mRNA. RNA polymerase binds on the promoter region based on the sequences  that can be identified by the enzyme’s active site. A mutation can distort the interaction between the promoter region and the enzyme’s active site hence throttle up or inhibit transcription.

satellites are frequently used to make observations of the orbit on earth

answer : haversian

[explanation: -(compact bone is organized as parallel columns, known as haversian systems, which run lengthwise down the axis of long bones. these columns are composed of lamellae, concentric rings of bone, surrounding a central channel, or haversian canal, that contains the nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic system of the bone)]