Each replication fork requires both leading and lagging strand synthesis. why?

Because each strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a new, complementary strand.

Explanation:

This is known as semiconservative DNA replication. Leading and lagging strands are complementary, antiparallel strands (one is 3'-5' while other is 5'-3- direction) which are replicated differently. The leading strand is replicated  continuously while the lagging strand is replicated in fragments-Okazaki fragments. Replication of both strands is performed by DNA polymerase.

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the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.