Which plants are the first to grow during primary succession?

a.) trees

b.) ferns

c.) shrubs

d.) mosses

mosses

Explanation:

Simple species that can tolerate the often- harsh environment become established first. These organisms help enrich the soil, allowing other species to become established. The first organisms to appear in areas of primary succession are often mosses or lichens.

step 1: nitrogen fixation- conversion of atmospheric no₂ into forms useful to plants by lightning, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

step 2: nitrification-process of converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrate.

step 3: assimilation-plant roots absorb new form of nitrogen.

step 4: ammonification-conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria involved in decomposition.

step 5: denitrification-bacteria turns the decomposed matter back into n₂o, which is released into atmosphere; repeat cycle.