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water and ocean graphic organizer exploration k12

1. how’s is pressure affected as depth increases?

2. as the sun heats the surface of the oceans, two layers of water result. what separates the layers?

3. how is the temperature affected when (a) the depth increases (b) the latitude increases

4. how is salinity affected?
(a) evaporation increases
(b) freezing increases
(c) melting increases
(d) precipitation increases

5. how is density affected when
(a) the temperature increases
(b) the depth increases
(c) the latitude increases
(d) the salinity increases

1:

At sea level, the air that surrounds us presses down on our bodies at 14.5 pounds per square inch. You don't feel it because the fluids in your body are pushing outward with the same force.

Dive down into the ocean even a few feet, though, and a noticeable change occurs. You can feel an increase of pressure on your eardrums. This is due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure, the force per unit area exerted by a liquid on an object. The deeper you go under the sea, the greater the pressure of the water pushing down on you. For every 33 feet (10.06 meters) you go down, the pressure increases by 14.5 psi.

2:

Two layers of water result would be; Mixed layer and deep water, Also the Thermocline separates them.

Description

A thermocline is a thin but distinct layer in a large body of fluid in which temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below. In the ocean, the thermocline divides the upper mixed layer from the calm deep water below.

3:

(A)

The deeper the waters, the lower the temperatures since. The only reason this works is since sunlight isn’t able to penetrate to deeper water due to the fact it gets attenuated bc of diffusion and scattering.

(B)

Temperature of water are lower with increasing attitude due to the fact that the differential angle in which the sunlight usually would hit, would hit earth at a different angle.

4:

(A)

It would increase salinity since, Evaporation of ocean water and formation of sea ice both increase the salinity of the ocean.

(B)

In cold, polar regions, changes in salinity affect ocean density more than changes in temperature. When salt is ejected into the ocean as sea ice forms, the water's salinity increases. Because salt water is heavier, the density of the water increases and the water sinks.

(C and D)

Evaporation of ocean water and formation of sea ice both increase the salinity of the ocean. However these "salinity raising" factors are continually counterbalanced by processes that decrease salinity such as the continuous input of fresh water from rivers, precipitation of rain and snow, and melting of ice.

5:

(A)

Heating a substance causes molecules to speed up and spread slightly further apart, occupying a larger volume that results in a decrease in density. ... Hot water is less dense and will float on room-temperature water. Cold water is more dense and will sink in room-temperature water.

(B)

The water molecules pack together tighter as pressure increases -the pressure increase with depth, due to the weight of the water above, and causes the greatest density changes in seawater with depth (greater than the density changes due to temperature and salinity changes).

(C)

The density decreases

(D)

Increasing salinity also increases the density of sea water. Less dense water floats on top of more dense water. Given two layers of water with the same salinity, the warmer water will float on top of the colder water. ... Temperature has a greater effect on the density of water than salinity does.

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silt loam

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