Answer quick

which of the following is a principle of natural selection

most organisms are infertile or produce nonviable offspring.

members of a species are genetically identical.

variations are acquired during an individual's lifetime and so are not passed to offspring.

variations allow individuals to survive and reproduce better than members who lack these variations.

Which of the following observation darwin shape his concept of descent with modification? a) species diversity declines farther from the equator. b) fewer species live on islands than on the nearest continents. c) birds live on islands located farther from the mainland than the bird's maximum nonstop flight distance. d) south american temperate plants are more similar to the tropical plants of south america than to the temperate plants of europe. e) earthquakes reshape life by causing mass extinctions.