When you eat, your food must be digested, which is the breakdown of food into smaller molecules. what are those molecules used to make?

the molecules are broken down in order to release energy,water and carbon dioxide

Digestion breaks down food into nutrients. Those smaller molecules are used for energy, growth, and cell repair. The body breaks down nutrients from foods ( and drinks ) into proteins, fats, carbohydrates and vitamins.

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many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.