Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem ii, yet are able to survive. the best way to detect the lack of photosystem ii in these organisms would be to test for liberation of o2 in the light. to determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts. to test for co2 fixation in the dark. to the action spectrum for photosynthesis.

the earth is thought to have been formed about 4.6 billion years ago by collisions from a cloud of hydrogen, helium, rock, ice and other materials. these were pulled together by gravity to form objects in and around earth like- asteroids and small early planets called planetesimals.

so, the best possible answer to this question will be option d- to harden materials to form different parts of earth’s layers

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