Where do homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material through crossing over?               a.  chlorophyll    b.  centrosomes    c.  centromeres    d.  chiasma

D. Chiasma

Explanation:

In Prophase I of Meiosis, a process called synapsis occurs. Synapsis is the process where homologous chromosomes pair up.  Within this process, sister chromatids cross-over at certain points, and these points are called chiasmata. Chiasmata is just the plural of chiasma. In these points, the chromatids intertwine and exchange genetic material through a process called, cross-over.  

identify the dna change shown in the diagram and explain how that change can result in the increased genetic diversity often seen among siblings.