Which feature of cycads distinguishes them from most other gymnosperms? use the information to answer the following question. the cycads, a mostly tropical phylum of gymnosperms, evolved about 300 million years ago and were dominant forms during the age of the dinosaurs. though their sperm are flagellated, their ovules are pollinated by beetles. these beetles get nutrition from the pollen and shelter from the microsporophylls. upon visiting megasporophylls, the beetles transfer pollen to the exposed ovules. in cycads, pollen cones and seed cones are borne on different plants. cycads synthesize neurotoxins, especially in the seeds, that are effective against most animals, including humans. which feature of cycads distinguishes them from most other gymnosperms? they have exposed ovules. they have flagellated sperm and they are pollinated by animals. they are pollinated by animals. they have flagellated sperm.

What is a universal way that predation benefits the predator? predation increases mate availability. predation in defense of space. the predator gets the energy it needs to survive. the predator keeps parasites from hurting the species.

Why is it important to reduce the number of chromosomes in half when forming gametes for sexual reproduction?

Bisphenol a (often called bpa) is a chemical found in products that people use every day, from water bottles to food containers to children's toys. unfortunately, bpa leaches out of its many products and makes its way into our bodies. what are the health effects of bpa exposure? ongoing research is finding that elevated exposure to bpa can affect a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes, but one of the first studies of bpa's health effects came about because of a simple mistake in the lab. at a laboratory at case western reserve university in 1998, geneticist patricia hunt was making a routine check of her female lab mice. as she extracted and examined developing eggs from the ovaries, she began to wonder what had gone wrong. she noticed that many of the eggs showed problems with their chromosomes, and some had irregular amounts of genetic material, which can lead to miscarriages and birth defects in mammals. she learned that a lab assistant had mistakenly washed the plastic mouse cages and water bottles with a harsh soap, releasing bpa from the plastic. knowing that bpa is an endocrine disruptor, a chemical that can enter organisms and mimic hormones, hunt set out to discover whether it had adversely affected her mice.