15. in horses, three coat-color patterns are termed cremello (beige), chestnut (brown), and palomino (golden with light mane and tail). if two palomino horses are mated, they produce about 1/4 cremello, 1/4 chestnut, and 1/2 palomino offspring. in contrast, cremello horses and chestnut horses breed true. (in other words, two cremello horses will produce only cremello offspring and two chestnut horses will produce only chestnut offspring.) explain this pattern of inheritance.

To know what happens here, we need to see how alleles work.

You have three species: cremello, chestnut, and palomino all will be homozygotes with two alleles each.  

One of these will be recessive (aa), one will be dominant (AA), and one will be a mixture (Aa).

You know the offsprin, so Cremello and Chestnut are the recessive and dominant ones. If you draw the Punnett square, you'll find out all breeding are pure.

Now, if you draw de Palomino Punnett square having one recessive allele and one dominant allele from each paren, you'll found 1/4 cremello (aa), 1/4 chestnut (AA) and 1/2 palomino (Aa).

kelp are large brown algae that live in cool, relatively shallow waters close to the shore. they grow in dense groupings much like a forest on land. these underwater towers of kelp provide food and shelter for thousands of fish, invertebrates, and marine mammal species.

e) all of the above