Common commercial benefits of microorganisms include synthesis of

Antibiotics and insulin are produced by microorganisms that are used commercially at high rate. They are naturally produced by microbes. e.g fungi produce penicillin, some soil bacteria produce other antibiotics like tetracycline. biotechnology methods are also being used to synthesize these products more effectively and quickly e.g. production of insulin by recombinant DNA technology using vector. It produces insulin at high rate and can be purified easily.

the answer that best describes the relative refractory period in the neuron is the resting membrane potential is restored, but concentrations of sodium and potassium are not restored to their original state.

the refractory period is the time during which another stimulus given to the neuron will not lead to a second potential. thus, because na+ channels are inactivated during this time, additional depolarizing stimuli do not lead to new action potentials.  

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the most common energy conversion is from kinetic energy to potential energy, and then from potential energy to kinetic energy.

later on comes the heat energy, mechanical energy, and other energy conversions.

this energy conversion is so common that we can find it in our day to day lives as well.

- one of the most common energy conversions involves the changing of potential energy to kinetic energy or kinetic energy to potential energy