In primary production oxygen utilized by animals is less than the oxygen consumed by autotrophs proteins are made by animals carbon dioxide is released into the water oxygen is utilized by plants there is a net gain in organic carbon by organisms

There is a net gain in organic carbon by organisms

Explanation:

Primary production refers to the total biomass produced by producers. It mainly includes the organic matter produced by the photosynthetic activity of green plants using the energy of sunlight. Since the process of primary production includes the production of organic matter, the organic matter present in living beings is increased.

bacterium is not correct

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.