What are some of the ways in which pathogens spread

Hi !!

Pathogens can be transmitted

- by blood  

if you hurt yourself and have scratches or cuts, the pathogen can enter the body by blood. And with needle puncture (drug addicts) &  Unprotected sex.

HIV/AID, sexually  transmitted diseases, hepatitis

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-By air (through the nose)

cold, whooping cough, tuberculosis are spread this way.

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-By water and food. (non drinking water because dirty contaminated water, spoiled food, or being washed with non-drinking water

cholera, bacteria e.coli,  salmonella

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by vectors such  as mosquitoes

malaria for example

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☺☺☺

the earth is thought to have been formed about 4.6 billion years ago by collisions from a cloud of hydrogen, helium, rock, ice and other materials. these were pulled together by gravity to form objects in and around earth like- asteroids and small early planets called planetesimals.

so, the best possible answer to this question will be option d- to harden materials to form different parts of earth’s layers