Julie's grandmother has thickening and hardening of her arteries caused by fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances deposited in the inner lining of the arteries. what is this medical term for this condition?

Atherosclerosis.

Explanation:

Atherosclerosis may  be defined as a medical condition the plaque can build up inside the artery of the patient. This disease is asymptomatic and blood flow is not affected at all in this condition.

The arteries of Julie's grandmother get hardened and thickened due to the deposition of cholesterol and fatty acids. These depositions are known as plaques. The medical condition is known as atherosclerosis.

it has one origin of replication, but it proceeds in two directions - d)

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.