What assumption is made when constructing a cladogram?
question 25 options:
the fewer derived characteristics shared by groups, the more recently the groups share a common ancestor
the more derived characteristics shared by groups, the more recently the groups share a common ancestor
the fewer ancestral characteristics shared by groups, the more recently the groups share a common ancestor
the more ancestral characteristics shared by groups, the more recently the groups share a common ancestor

D. The more ancestral characteristics shared by groups, the more recently the groups share a common ancestor.

Explanation - Cladogram is the representation of organisms that shows their ancestory. Phylogenetic or evolutionary relationship between the organisms are calculated and drawn using lines and nodes. Nodes represents the common or same ancestor between the species under consideration.

The derived characters in organism is also taken into consideration while mapping the cladogram. Cladogram represents that the species that had more ancestral characteristics in common are likely to have a common ancestor. We can study and analyze as to how the evolution have occurred.

substitution is the answer in this case