Experiment 1: punnett square crosses part 1: post-lab questions 1. set up and complete punnett squares for these crosses (remember y = yellow, y = blue): a. yy and yy b. yy and yy 2. answer these questions: a. what are the resulting phenotypes? b. are there any blue kernels? c. how can you tell whether or not there are blue kernels? 3. set up and complete a punnett square for a cross of two of the f1 from step 1 (above). 4. answer these questions: a. what are the genotypes of the f2 generation? b. what are their phenotypes? c. are there more or fewer blue kernels than in the f1 generation? 5. identify the four possible gametes produced by the following individuals (s = smooth, s = wrinkled): a. yy ss: b. yy ss:

2. a. Resulting phenotypes: 100% Yellow.

                   b. No, there are not blue kernels.

                   c. All kernels are yellow because the yellow allele (Y) is    

                       dominant  over blue allele (y).

Explanation: Crosses a (YY x Yy) and b (YY x yy) result in yellow offspring with genotypes: 1) Dominant homozygote (YY) and 2) Heterozygous (Yy).

4. a. Genotypes: YY (25%) , Yy (50%) and yy (25%).

                  b. Phenotypes: Yellow  (75%) and blue (25%).

                  c. There are more blue kernels in the F2 than in the F1.

Explanation: Crosses between F1 members (Yy x Yy)  result in yellow and blue offspring with genotypes: 1) Dominant homozygote (YY, 25%)  2) Heterozygous (Yy, 50%) and 3) Recessive homozygote (yy, 25%).

5. a. Ys and YS

                   b. YS, yS, Ys, ys.

Explanation: The yellow and smooth individuals with genotype  (YYSs) can produce two different gametes: Ys (Yellow and wrinkled) and YS (Yellow and smooth). The yellow and smooth individuals with genotype  (YySs) can produce four different gametes: YS (yellow ans smooth), yS (Blue and smooth), Ys (Yellow and wrinkled) and ys (Blue and wrinkled).

why many students visually perceive stem as a vapid class?

for many students, however, stem subjects are optically discerned as vapid, tedious, and destitute of authentic-world applications. science and math have always been a major part of the high school curriculum, but many students have disengaged from these subjects because they don’t optically discern that they have any pertinence to the authentic world or students’ daily lives. for them, math and science have become a set of rules, procedures, laws, theorems, and formulas to memorize. some students even develop math apprehensiveness and cerebrate they are incapable of learning higher-level mathematics.

why is stem paramount?

as the u.s. economy changes, the ordinant dictation for stem-capable workers is growing. in may of 2014, the u.s. bureau of labor statistics counted more than 8.3 million stem jobs, which accounted for 6.2 percent of total employment in the cumulated states. that number is expected to perpetuate to increment as u.s. companies grow and innovate to compete in the ecumenical economy. according to the u.s. department of labor, the average salary for all stem jobs is $85,570, which is virtually double the average salary for all jobs.

many people still envision stem professionals as wearing a white lab coat and conducting research in a laboratory. in authenticity, some of the most in-demand stem fields are petroleum engineering, process engineering, and computer engineering. these fields that are experiencing shortages of qualified candidates are additionally among the highest paying, with the average petroleum engineer earning an annual salary of $147,520 in may 2014 according to the u.s. bureau of labor statistics.

in additament, stem subjects edify students valuable skills that are vital for prosperity in all vocations, even those that do not directly require stem erudition. engagement in stem subjects avails students develop quandary-solving, critical mentally conceiving, and leadership skills. these skills are so ecumenical, in fact, that statistics relinquished in the summer of 2013 by the u.s. census bureau designated that about three-quarters of the people with a bachelor’s degree in stem fields are not working in those vocations. many non-stem employers are poaching stem-qualified job candidates because they are more ingenious and collaborative than their non-stem counterparts.

as the ecumenical economy perpetuates to evolve, the desideratum for stem-capable workers will perpetuate to grow. by getting edifiers and students involved in the stem kineticism, an incipient generation of adroit workers will be poised to energize and expand this exhilarating field.

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